ISC GEOGRAPHY //important question from INDUSTRIES // TARGET 2023

1.What is an agro-based industry ? Which is the largest agro-based industry in India ?

Agro based industries are those industries that rely on agricultural produce for raw materials to produce new products. In India, agro-based products include textiles, paper, sugar, vegetable oil, among others.

The largest agro-based industry in India is the cotton textile industry

2.Mention two reasons for the development of the Bengaluru-Tamil Nadu Industrial Region.

Bengaluru – Tamil Nadu Industrial Region has experienced the fastest industrial growth in the post-independence era as :

1. This region is dominated by the cotton textile industry but, over the years many other industries such as large number of silk manufacturing units, sugar mills, leather, chemicals, medicine and engineering industries have also emerged here.

2. Availability of cheap hydro-electric power from various dams.

3. Cheap skilled labour, good climate and proximity to vast local markets have favored the concentration of industries in this region.

3.Give three reasons to explain the development of sugar industry in Maharashtra.

Two reasons why sugar industry has developed in Maharashtra are:

(i) Geographical conditions are suitable for the cultivation of sugarcane.

(ii) Sugar industry is better organized and farms are close to the mills.

4.State two advantages that mini steel plants have over large integrated steel plants.

Two advantages that a mini steel plant has over an integrated and steel plant are :

- Mini Steel Plants utilize electric furnaces consequently saving coking coal. They require fewer investments.

- It utilizes effectively accessible scrap iron as crude materials.

5. Mention any three factors that determine the location of an industry.

The location of manufacturing industries depends on a number of physical and socio economic factors.

1.NEARNESS TO THE SOURCE OF RAW MATERIAL: Large quantities of raw materials are needed for industries. Therefore industries are located near the source of raw materials. It saves the cost of transportation.Steel centres are developed where coal and iron are easily available. Jute mills in West Bengal and the cotton textile mills in Maharashtra are located due to the availability of raw materials.

2.POWER RESOURCES: Coal, oil and water power are the main sources of power. Most of the industries are located near coal fields. Aluminium industries and paper industries are located near hydroelectric stations.

3.MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION: Modern Industries need cheap, developed and quick means of transportation. Cheap means of transportation are required for the movement of workers, raw materials and machinery to the factories.

4.CLIMATE: Stimulating climate increase the efficiency of the labourers. The cotton textile industry required humid climate. The film industry needs good weather with clear blue skies. Similarly the aircraft industry also needs clear weather.

5.SKILLED LABOUR: cheap and Skilled labour is essential for the location of industries. Glass industry at Firozabad and the sports goods industry in Jalandhar are located due to the availability of Skilled labour.

6.What are industrial clusters ?

Industries are unevenly distributed in India because the factors affecting industrial location are not same everywhere. Industries tend to be concentrated in a few pockets because of certain favourable factors. The pockets having high concentration of industries are known as industrial clusters.

7.Identify one industrial cluster from Northern India. State two reasons for its growth.

Gurgaon-Delhi – Meerut industrial region.

Two reasons for its growth are :

(1) It owes its development and growth to hydro-electricity from Bhakra-Nangal complex and thermal power from Harduaganj, Faridabad, and Panipat.

(2) It is one of the fastest-growing market-oriented industrial cluster adjoining Delhi.

8. Explain the following :

(i) Weight losing raw material.

Raw materials which lose their weight in the process of manufacture are known as weight losing raw materials, e.g., sugar industry, iron and steel industry, aluminium industry.

(ii) Integrated steel plant.

Integrated Steel Plant : All three processes from melting of iron ore in the blast furnace to steel making followed by shaping of the metal by rolling is carried out under one complex.

9.Mention the locational factors which favour the growth of cement industry in India.

1. Raw Materials: Manufacturing of cement requires heavy and weight loosing materials and it is primarily a raw material oriented industry. Limestone is the main raw material and on an average 1.5 tonnes of limestone is required to produce one tonne of cement.

2.location: location of a cement plant is based on limestone deposits and also coal which is a major input, as it is used not only as fuel in kiln but also to burn the limestone.

10.Explain any three factors that have led to the growth of industrialisation in India.

Manufacturing is a secondary process of transforming raw materials into finished products.The manufactured goods are more useful and valuable than the raw materials.

The location of manufacturing industries depends on a number of physical and socio economic factors.

(11) Why is cement industry known as a basic industry ?

Cement is indispensable for building and construction work. So, the cement industry is considered to be an important core infrastructure core industry. The per capita consumption of cement is taken as one of the important indicators of the well-being of the people.

(12) Mention two major centres of cement industry in India.

Madhya Pradesh.

Major Centre: Katni, Jamul, Satna, Durg, Maihar, Neemach.

Andhra Pradesh.

Major Centre: Vijayawada, Karimnagar, Cementnagar, Krishna, Adilabad.

Rajasthan.

Major Centre: Hopur, Chittorgarh, Udaipur.

Karnataka.

(13) Discuss any two factors which have influenced Ahmedabad to develop as the largest centre of cotton textile industry in Gujarat.

Factors that helped the development and growth of industries in the Ahmedabad-Vadodara industrial region include:

Industries in Ahmedabad is mainly developed due to establishment of cotton textile industry.
Ahmedabad is situated very close to cotton growing area and hence had easy availability of raw material.
Climate here is ideal for spinning.
Flat terrain and easy availability of land enabled to establish mills.
Densely populated areas of Gujarat provided skilled labour and semi-skilled labour.
Well-developed roads and railways for easy transportation of finished goods.
Presence of port nearby also enabled industrial development in this region.

(14) Name the following :

(i) Aluminium plant at Renukoot.=Hindustan Aluminium Corporation HINDALCO.

(ii) Iron and Steel plant at Paradeep.==Daitari steel plants near Paradeep.

(iv) Union Carbide India Ltd. Trombay in 1966.=Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. Bengaluru.

(iv) First IPCL centre for Petrochemicals.== HAL centre in South India.

15) State any two indices used to identify industrial clusters.

(i) The number of industrial units.

(ii) The number of industrial workers.

(iii) Quantum of power used pre- industrial purpose.

16.Discuss the two factors which influence the location of Sugar industry in Maharashtra.

Two factors influencing the location of the Sugar industry in Maharashtra are :

(i) Maharashtra has 162 days of the crushing period, longer than other states.

(ii) Sugar mills are integrated into a cooperative system and use bagasse as fuel instead of coal.

17.Enumerate three factors favouring the location and growth of Hindustan Steel Plant at Durgapur.

Three factors favouring the location and growth of Hindustan Steel Plant are :

(i) The Hydroelectricity required for the plant is readily available from DVC.

(ii) Iron ore is available from Bolani and Mayurbhanj mines.

(iii) Water is available from Durgapur Barrage across the Damodar river.

18.Which is the first fertilizer plant that was set up in India after independence ?

Sindri is located in the Dhanbad district of Jharkhand state.

19. Why are the fertilizer industries located near the oil refineries ?

About 70% of the plants producing nitrogenous fertilizer use neptha as basic raw materials which is derived from crude oil that is why fertizers are located near oil refineries

20.Name two centres of integrated iron and steel industry in India.

The integrated iron and steel industries are: (a) Tata Iron and Steel Company, Jamshedpur. (b) The Hindustan Steel Limited, Bhilai.

21.Write two factors which have facilitated the setting up of cotton textile industry in Mumbai.

The two factors are :

(a) The black soil in the hinterland of Mumbai works as the basic raw materials for cotton.

(b) Mumbai enjoys humid climate which is essential for this industry because the thread does not break so frequently in such climate.

22.Name a major industrial region of India and state any three factors that are responsible for the growth of this region.

There are eight major industrial regions in India.

Mumbai-Pune Industrial Region

The Hugli Industrial Region

Bengaluru-Tamil Nadu Industrial Region

Gujarat Industrial Region

Chotanagpur Industrial Region

Vishakhapatnam-Guntur Industrial Region

Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut Industrial Region

Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram Industrial Region

25.State two significant factors influencing the location of Aluminium industry in India.

Two significant factors influencing the location of aluminium industry are

1.the availability of bauxite as the production of 1 MT of aluminium requires 6 MT of bauxite and 18573 kwh of electricity.

2.This clearly indicates that the availability of bauxite and electricity are the two most significant factors which influence the localization of this industry.

(c) Name any one important centre of production for the following

(i) Ships=== The Garden Reach Workshop at Kolkata.

(ii) Cement== Kymore in M.P.

(iii) Automobiles== Maruti Udyog Ltd. at Gurgaon in Haryana.

(iv) Aircrafts= Bengaluru.

23. State any two factors that determine the location of the readymade garment industry in India.

(i) Presence of market for ethnic designs and colors combinations.

(ii) Power/energy.

24. State any three advantages of setting up Mini steel plants.

Mini Steel Plants utilize electric furnaces consequently saving coking coal. They require fewer investments.

It utilizes effectively accessible scrap iron as crude materials. In India, there are around 650 mini steel plants in India and about 5 integrated Steel Authority of India limited plants.

25. Name the following : [3]

(i) A pilgrimage centre in Himachal Pradesh.== Shimla

(ii) A historic place in Rajasthan.== Jodhpur

(iii) An important hill resort of West Bengal.== Darjeeling

26. State any one use of aluminium. Name a centre for aluminium industry in India

Aluminium is used in making aeroplanes and ships.

Renukoot in Uttar Pradesh is a centre for aluminium industry in India.

27. On the given sketch map of India

(i) Identify the industrial regions A and B.

A – Gujarat Industrial Region.

B – Hugli Industrial Region.

(ii) Identify any one factor that has contributed to the growth of :

(1) Region A: The Gujarat Industrial Region developed due to the presence of cotton growing tracts in the Gujarat plains. The availability of cheap land, cheap skilled labour and other advantages helped the cotton textile industry. The petrochemical industry has developed due to the availability of oil.

(2) Region B: The Hugli Industrial Region has developed as Hugli offered the best site for development of inland river port, and well connected by the Ganga and its tributaries. Besides navigable rivers, roads, and railways provided subsequent links to the great benefit of Kolkata port. Jute industry is the most important industry of this region.

28. State two ways in which Cotton industry in India is influenced by climate conditions.

1. Cotton yam produced in a humid region is finer and more durable.

2. Cotton threads do not easily break in humid climate.

29. Name the leading state for sugar industry in Peninsular India. Name its two centres. Why is there a shift of the sugar industry from North India to Peninsular India ? Give two reasons.

Maharashtra is the leading state of the sugar industry in Peninsular India. The two centers are Ahmednagar and Kolhapur The sugar industry has shifted from North India to peninsular India mainly because : 1. The geographical conditions are more. suitable in the south; the soil is well-drained and free from waterlogging. Southern India is free from frost and has high temperatures ideal for sucrose development. 2, The crushing season is also much longer in the south than in the north. For example— crushing season is nearly four months in the north from November to February whereas crushing season in south is nearly 7-8 months from October and continues till May and June

30. What are petrochemicals ?

Petrochemicals are chemical products derived from crude oil, although many of the same chemical compounds are also obtained from other fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas or from renewable sources such as corn, sugar cane, and other types of biomass.

31.Where is Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Limited located ? How has this steel plant overcome the disadvantage of not being located near any coal mining region of India ?

Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Ltd. is located at Bhadrawati on the banks of river Bhadrawati in Shimoga district of Karnataka.

This steel plant has overcome the disadvantage of not being located near any coal mining region of India, by obtaining charcoal from the forest wood and using it for smelting. Now, it uses hydroelectric power obtained from Sharavati Power Project.

32.The Chhota Nagpur Industrial Region is also known as the ‘Ruhr of India’. Give two reasons to explain why ?

The Chota Nagpur industrial region is also known as the ‘Ruhr of India’ because :

1. Different types of minerals like coal, iron ore, bauxite, mica, etc., are available in this region.

2. The availability of different types of minerals have helped in the development of different types of mineral-based industries like iron and steel industry, etc.

33. Mention two advantages of mini cement plants

• It provides employment to the rural mass.

• It makes cement easily available in remote and inaccessible areas.

34.Name two products made from aluminium.

Aluminium is used in tables, chairs, shutters, picture frames, lamps, decorative wall panels, air conditioning units and radiators.

35.What is the difference between foot loose and ‘key’ industries?

A footloose industry is an industry which can be located anywhere like electronics, garments manufacturing, etc. Proximity to the location of raw material is not required. A key industry is one that can be located in the areas of location of raw materials like iron and steel.

36.Give one example of each of the industries mentioned in (i) above.

A key industry is the mother of all the industries. (ii) Footloose industry : e.g. computer chips industry. Key Industry : e.g. Iron and steel industry.

37. Name the agro-based industry located near the Deccan Trap region.

Cotton textile industry.

(ii) Mention two important factors responsible for the location of the industry, in the above mentioned region.

(ii) 1. Cheap HEP is readily available from the region of western ghats.

2. Humid climate helps prevent the breaking of the yarn/thread.